Irans influence and balance of power in the Middle East

Introduction The structure and balance of power that was established and amended in the Middle East after the Cold War has been greatly affected with Iran becoming a principal player influencing balance of power in the region. Studies indicate that the increasing levels of unrests in the Middle East play a pivotal role in transforming the dynamics and balance of power in the region (Barzegar 2010, 78).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Iran’s influence and balance of power in the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The balance of power in any region depends heavily on the involvement of great power and how this is put into force in regional systems. Iran’s dependence on powerful allies and its superior capabilities have equipped it sufficiently to influence regional power balances. Research question: Why has Iran influenced the balance of power in the Middle East in light of the Arab unres t? Background: For the purpose of this study, some of the keywords and main concepts to answer the research question will include Influence, balance of power, Middle East and Arab’s unrest. Research Objective: To determine why and in what ways Iran is influencing the balance of power in the Middle East Context: The physical setting of the research and the study environments will be in the Middle East and it will be completely natural. Literature review Iran’s regional influence Nasri (2009, 70) points out in her article Iran: Island of stability or land in Turmoil that Iran’s neighbors and the United states have over the years expressed serious concerns over the regional ambitions that Iran has, the role it has played in influencing its neighbors domestic political circumstances and the capability it has to spoil any peace process.Advertising Looking for proposal on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many scholars and analysts argue almost unanimously that events happening in the Middle East are due to power struggles between the Arab states which are ruled by the Sunni who are being led by Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and Iran which has formed a team with its proxies and allies like Hezbollah, Hamas and Syria (Pilisuk, Jeniffer Gianina 2008, 112). Opponents of the paradigm regard it as overly one-dimensional and argue that the regional influence as well as the role of Iran in the region is due to its demographic and physical attributes. Nasri and Takeyh (2008, 86) concur with the opponents’ arguments and indicates that Iran is a rich country of considerable resources and size which consequently gives it the ability to impact the region both negatively and positively. Iran’s nuclear power In their publication called beyond moderates and militants, Malley and Halling (2010, 24) posit that though determining the intentions of Iran in developing a nuclear program may b e difficult, the program has massively empowered it as a stronghold in the region able to influence power balances. Iran’s nuclear program and its weaponization have been perceived by many analysts as a certainty. The international community, Iran’s neighbors and the United States have also shown concern over Iran’s nuclear program and its nature perceiving it as an imminent threat. Malley and Halling continue to observe that the program could be due to competing political and economic interests, and which may eventually lead to arms race, regional and territorial wars, complicated relationships with the US and damaged economies. Iran’s ability to produce energy Iran’s source of funds which it uses to support terrorism, fund its nuclear program and as leverage over those who condemn its activities come from its energy resources. Herman (2002, 668) points out in his article ABU DHABI-Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond that out of the entire world oil, Iran o wns up to 10% of global oil reserves and is the third largest owner from Canada and Saudi Arabia. In terms of crude oil, it exports large volumes and is considered fourth largest behind Norway, Russia and Saudi Arabia (Herman 2002, 669). Besides, it has massive oil and gas reserves second to Russia. Analysts point out that even with these, security and economic concerns between Iran and those of its neighbor countries conflict in terms of policies, priorities and relationship. Iran uses its energy resources to influence and control the regions political activities. Its ambitions have been perceived by many analysts as those which outweigh security concerns and which could easily trigger regional military conflicts (Ulrichsen 2009, 49). Those nations opposed to its influence may not policy challenge its influence for economic and dependence reasons.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Iran’s influence and balance of power in the Middle East specifically f or you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Support for terrorism Iran’s support for terrorist activities in the Middle East is one of the major strategies it uses to influence balance of power in the region (Franssen 2010, 22). Reports on terrorism issued by the US State Department indicates that Iran has over the years offered support to US-designated militant groups and terrorist organizations which include Afghanistan Taliban fighters, Iraqi militants, Palestinian terrorist groups, Hamas and the Lebanese Hezbollah (Nasr Takeyh 2008, 89). Oktav (2011, 139) points out in his article The Gulf States and Iran: a Turkish perspective, that this has massively undermined the regional political stability especially in Iraq and posed great threats to Lebanon and Israel among others. In addition, its support for terrorism is a great influence that challenges the efforts put by the US to advance peace process, promote regional stability and stabilize Afghanis tan and Iraq. Oktav continues to point out that through supporting terrorism, Iran easily exploits the existing sectarian and political discord in Lebanon and Palestine. Besides, by ensuring that there is a proxy military in Hezbollah, it can indirectly perpetuate conflict between Israel and Arabs. Hypothesis The high level of unrest in the Middle East and the political security arrangements tailored along balance of power are incapable of ensuring and maintaining stability and the much needed security in the region, especially with the fall of Iraq’s Baathist regime. Studies indicate that the settings of balance of power are normally based on rise of rival actors to power as well as on a win-lose or zero-sum game. The unrest in the region has been brought about by a balance of power system which has generated wars, crises, distrust and tensions (Oktav 2011, 140). In addition, the US and Iran are the only two trans-regional and regional actors with the capabilities of establi shing solutions on political security and conducting military operations in the region. Is it nuclear power, energy abilities, political and economical interests in the region amidst the instability and unrest that Iran is taking advantage of and intends to use it to influence balance of power, advance its policies and establish new governments?Advertising Looking for proposal on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research method and design Testing hypothesis The two basic approaches that will be applied to determine the reason for Iran’s influence in the Middle East will be qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative, the study will involve 300 respondents to represent the total population which is the proportion of the entire population that would have been approached for interviews. On the other hand qualitative research will be conducted through interview either in-depth one-on-one or in groups. Focus groups will also be used. Dependent and independent variables To determine the dependent variable, the study will examine the causes of unrest and the Middle East and the factors that are making Iran to influence power balance. On the other hand, independent variables will be obtained from studying the effects of balance of power in the Middle East. Data collection The research methodology applied in this research will be designed to achieve the set objective and test of the paper. Data collection methods for this research will be conducted through primary and secondary methods. The latter method will include books, academic journals, online articles, past projects by different authors, statistics from government and non-governmental organizations on Iran’s influence on balance of power in the Middle East. It will also involve a study of various academic works and research papers balance of power, reasons for unrest in the Middle East and security measures by the US. Primary data will be collected from surveys and interviews that will be conducted on various government and military leaders in the Middle East. Data analysis and discussions will be written from the findings on different academic resources, the survey and the interview. The study will review and classify findings, dependence and independence variables from different statistics and the situation in the Middle East as far as Iran’s influence in balance of power is concerned. It will a lso present statistics and information collected from the outlined sources to get a professional understanding of the issue References Barzegar, Kayhan. â€Å"Balance of power in the Persian gulf: an Iranian view.† Middle East Policy 17, 3 (2010): 74-87. Franssen, Herman. â€Å"ABU DHABI-Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond. The Middle East Journal 63, 4 (2009): 668-669. Malley, Robert Harling, Peter. â€Å"Beyond moderates and militants.† Foreign Affairs 89, 5 (2010): 18-29. Nasri, Grace. â€Å"Iran: Island of stability or land in Turmoil.† Domes 18, 1 (2009): 57- 73. Nasri, Vali Takeyh, Ray. â€Å"The Costs of Containing Iran; Washington’s Misguided New Middle East Policy.† Foreign Affairs 87, 1 (2008): 85-94. Oktav, Zeynep. â€Å"The gulf states and Iran: a Turkish perspective.† Middle East Policy 18, 2 (2011): 136-147. Pilisuk, Marc. Rountree Jeniffer and Pellegrini Gianina. â€Å"Playing the imperial game: the mindset behind the attack on Iraq .† Peace Research 40, 2 (2008): 39- 59,112. Ulrichsen, Kristian. â€Å"Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States.† Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. This proposal on Iran’s influence and balance of power in the Middle East was written and submitted by user Cailyn Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My Life Timeline Activity for Kids

My Life Timeline Activity for Kids History is sometimes a hard concept for kids to grasp- not that events happened, but that they happened to real people and that to those people it wasnt history, it was the present. One of the best activities to help show your child the idea of being a part of history is to help him create My Life Timeline depicting their history and accomplishments. Note:  One thing to remember as you tackle this activity is that a child who was adopted may find this activity a little difficult, but there are ways to adapt it to make it more general. Instead of focusing on everything that happened from the time when your child was born and beyond, think about using less specific terms, like past and present. That way your child can decide what events in his â€Å"past† are of importance to him without feeling pressured to know the details of what happened in the time before he was adopted. What Your Child Will Learn (or Practice) Your child will get a sense of historical perspective while practicing sequencing and expository writing skills. Materials Needed: Roll of butcher paper  or some pieces of paper taped together to create a strip about 6 to 10 feet long.Pencils, a ruler, and markers.Pair of scissorsGlue or tapeIndex cardsPhotos commemorating events of your child’s lifetime. (They don’t have to be big events, just a good selection of photos that span his lifetime.) Starting a My Life Timeline Provide your child with some index cards and ask him to help you think about some moments in his life that are most important or memorable to him. Start by having him write his date of birth on an index card. Tell him what day of the week he was born on and the time if you know it, and ask him to add that information to the index card, too. Then, have him label the card with a phrase like Today, I was born!Challenge him to think of other days in his life that were important in his personal history. Prompt him to think about things like brothers or sisters being born, first days of school and family vacations. Ask him to write down the events and their descriptions, one on each index card, without worrying about whether they are in order.Complete this process up to the present day. The last card might say, Made a My Life Timeline.When he’s done coming up with events, have him place all the index cards the floor or on a table. Now, ask him to sequence the events according to whe n they happened, starting with the oldest (his birth date) on the left and working toward the most recent on the right. If your child is having trouble remember which events came before others, you can help him identify when something happened. Providing him with the month and year will be a big help in putting his personal history in order.Look through the photos together to try to find one to match each index card, but don’t stress if there isn’t one. Your child can always hand illustrate an event. Putting Together a My Life Timeline Lay the piece of butcher paper down on a hard work surface (the floor works best).Help your child use the ruler to draw a horizontal line in the middle of the paper from one end to the other.Start at the left end of the paper and draw a small line upward (vertically) from the middle of the paper. This mark will represent the day your child was born. Have him write his birth date above that line. Then ask him to make a similar line at the very end of the paper, writing today’s date and a little bit about himself and his life today.Have him place the index cards- in order- between those two dates, making a small line to connect each card to the line in the middle of the paper.Ask him to match the photos with the events and put each one below the correct index card (under the line on the paper). Glue or tape the pictures and index cards in place.Let your child decorate the timeline, trace the information he’s written with markers and then tell you his personal history!

A Profile of Greek Mathematician Eratosthenes

A Profile of Greek Mathematician Eratosthenes Eratosthenes (c.276-194 B.C.), a mathematician, is known for his mathematical calculations and geometry. Eratosthenes was called Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he was never first, but he is more famous than his Alpha teachers because his discoveries are still used today. Chief among these are the calculation of the circumference of the earth (note: the Greeks did know the earth was spherical) and the development of a mathematical sieve named after him. He made a calendar with leap years, a 675-star catalog, and maps. He recognized the Niles source was a lake, and that rains in the lake region caused the Nile to flood. Eratosthenes - Life and Career Facts Eratosthenes was the third librarian at the famous Library of Alexandria. He studied under the Stoic philosopher Zeno, Ariston, Lysanias, and the poet-philosopher Callimachus. Eratosthenes wrote a Geographica based on his calculations of the circumference of the earth. Eratosthenes is reported to have starved himself to death at Alexandria in 194 B.C. Writing of Eratosthenes Much of what Eratosthenes wrote is now lost, including a geometrical treatise, On Means, and one on the mathematics behind Platos philosophy, Platonicus. He also wrote the fundamentals of astronomy in a poem called Hermes. His most famous calculation, in the now lost treatise On the Measurement of the Earth, explains how he compared the shadow of the sun at Summer Solstice noon in two places, Alexandria and Syene. Eratosthenes Calculates the Circumference of the Earth By comparing the shadow of the sun at Summer Solstice noon at Alexandria and Syene, and knowing the distance between the two, Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth.The sun shone directly into a well at Syene at noon. At Alexandria, the angle of inclination of the sun was about 7 degrees. With this information, and knowing that Syene was 787 km due south of Alexandrian  Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth to be 250,000 stadia (about 24,662 miles).

Jerusalem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Jerusalem - Essay Example Obviously entry to Jerusalem is the privilege of Palestinians and Christians alike because their religious beliefs are also highly associated with this Holy Land. Christianity emerged from Judaism around 4 B.C. since the birth of Jesus Christ who was born and brought up as a true Jew. In the same way, Muslims believe that Mohammad ascended into heaven at al-Haran-al-Sharif which also is one of the areas of current dispute. Irrespective of the discrepancy, Israel permits all religious beliefs to be cherished in Jerusalem. The Prime Minister Benchamin Netanyahu (2009) expressed the Israel policy on this issue in his address on the occasion of Jerusalem Day State Ceremony. â€Å"United Jerusalem is the capital of Israel. Jerusalem has always been-and always will be-ours. It will never again be divided or cut in half. Jerusalem will remain only under Israel’s sovereignty. In the united Jerusalem, the freedom of worship and freedom of access for all three religions to the holy sites will be guaranteed, and it is the only way to guarantee that members of all faiths, minorities, and denominations can continue living here safely.† (Prime Minister’s Office). To illustrate, in 1947 when the United Nations established two states in Palestine, one Jewish and other Arab Jerusalem was considered as Independent international city. However, in 1948 the Arabs attacked Jewish sector of Jerusalem but Israel force gained upper hand in the battle. In 1948, when the modern state Israel was established, Jews were persecuted and expelled from the Old City. (Ullian K,2008 p.110). It was later in the Six Day War of 1967 Jerusalem was reunited by the Israel. Jerusalem is safe under the sovereignty of Israel because everyday hundreds of pilgrims and tourists from all over the world visit Jerusalem. Moreover, this secularism will only be maintained as long as the City remains under the control of Israel. For instance, although the Temple

Technology Social Media Social Apps Music Assignment

Technology Social Media Social Apps Music - Assignment Example MixPod is a music application that lets you create and embed your own playlist on Facebook profile. Music selection can be viewed at the MixPod site where you can choose among a large number of playlist styles. This also requires a MixPod account to set-up, thus you have to create one (http://mashable.com/2009/11/10/music-facebook-applications/). Music Challenge is a very popular music trivia application to have almost 3.4 million monthly users who are active. It is one of the best ways to put your knowledge of music into a challenge. This will let you and the other players answer the trivia of identifying the song based on the audio player (http://mashable.com/2009/11/10/music-facebook-applications/). My Band is another famous music application tool in Facebook that is promotional in nature. It aims to enhance your page in Facebook providing information about gig schedules, mailing lists, music sales and analytics who are listening and sharing your uploaded tunes (http://mashable.com/2009/11/10/music-facebook-applications/). Share Song is a simple yet effective music application that helps you find and share music easily. It allows the users to search, listen and share tracks. If the track exists in Grooveshark database, the users can post it to their profile and share it with their friends (http://mashable.com/2009/11/10/music-facebook-applications/). Tinysong is powered by Grooveshark’s P2P music sharing service which offers the users an enormous library of the song to choose from which can be shared through Twitter.  Twt.fm is another famous music application for Twitter users that allows you to connect to your twitter account and let you recreate your page to store your playlists, background, and avatar through an OAuth.  Ã‚  

Training of Airline Pilots Essay Example for Free

Training of Airline Pilots Essay This motto goes: â€Å"One mile of runway can take you anywhere†. Through my little time of being an aviator this has proven to be true. Aviation is an incredibly exciting field of interest that has no limits as to how far an individual can take it. Flying airplanes for a living can be very challenging, fun, and exciting; however looking past the outer shell, aviation is a main component of what makes the global economy work. According to Airsaftey.Aero, the aviation industry supplies 4. 5 million jobs directly related to airports and has a multiplier of 1.7, meaning that for every 100 jobs in aviation their are 170 jobs in associated industries. They also state that the total global value is US $880 billion. The industry allows faster, cheaper, and more efficient ways to travel for business, tourism, cargo, and mail. As you can see aviation is a huge power in the development and success of the global economy. The companies can make big profits and the economy is obviously better off with this industry. One item that is in direct correlation with the revenue of these companies is safety. Some people say that a pilot will make his whole life’s earnings in one flight and that may or may not be true, but the fact that the training of these pilots is crucial cannot be denied. This paper will discuss the attitude needed to become a pilot, the medical requirements to become a pilot, the beginning steps of becoming a pilot, the three main routes to become a professional pilot, and the continuing training required to maintain a professional pilot’s license. Attitude of Becoming a Pilot A pilot’s attitude can be the most important and valuable asset he has, yet it can also be the most dangerous. Decision-making is what separates a good pilot from a bad pilot. Every decision is a reflection of the attitude that a pilot has. Human factors are the number one cause of all aircraft accidents, and most of these stem from undesirable attitudes. It does not take an outstanding set of physical talents to become a pilot. Most people need to understand that the skills are within themselves to become a professional pilot. Aviation is very unforgiving to those who push the limits. There have been five hazardous attitudes identified that can be most detrimental to becoming a successful pilot. These attitudes have been classified as: Anti-Authority, Impulsive, Invulnerability, Macho, and Resignation. (Haz) The Anti-authority attitude is found in pilots who do not like anyone telling them what to do. This pilot may disregard rules, regulations, and procedures as silly or unnecessary. They have a â€Å"Don’t tell me† type of attitude and the proper antidote would be to say, â€Å"Follow the rules: they’re usually right†. The Impulsive attitude is displayed when the pilot feels the need to make decisions without fully thinking through the situation. Instead of saying â€Å"do something quickly,† this pilot should be saying, â€Å"Not so fast, think first†. Pilots who tell themselves that accidents and malfunctions cannot happen to them face the invulnerability attitude. Instead of â€Å"It can’t happen to me† pilots need to think, â€Å"It can happen to me†. Another undesirable attitude is described as macho. This is when the pilot has the attitude that he can take risks and that he is invincible. Instead of saying â€Å"I can do it,† pilots with a macho attitude need to train themselves to say, â€Å"Taking a chance is foolish†. The fifth category of undesirable attitudes is resignation. Pilots have no room for blaming occurrences on bad luck and that is what this attitude is. The pilot blames an undesired situation on luck and gives in. Someone with this attitude usually says, â€Å"What’s the use,† when they should have the attitude that â€Å"I can make a difference.† Pilots need to be committed to keeping a positive, levelheaded attitude. A good way to do this is to review human factors before every flight, recognizing the outside factors such as stress, money, commitments, etc. that will effect the decisions they make (Haz). Obtaining a Medical Certificate Obtaining an FAA medical certificate is required of every aviator, whether he will be at the controls as a student pilot or an Air Transport pilot. In this process a certified AME (aviation medical examiner) will perform what seems to be a basic physical examination on the patient. The examiner will check the patient’s eyes for distant visual acuity of 20/20 or better in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses, near vision of 20/40 or better, the ability to perceive colors necessary for the safe performance of airman duties, and normal fields of vision. Next he will check the ears, nose, and throat of the patient making sure a certain decibel level can be heard, and that no preexisting issues can be identified within the nose and throat. Those are some of the main things that the examiner will be looking for in the physical components of the exam; however the rest of the examination will also include mental health, neurologic health, cardiovascular strength, and anything left that falls under general medical condition. It is recommended that if one wants to become an airline pilot that he obtain an FAA First Class Medical Certificate rather than the required Third Class Medical rating before beginning training as he cannot and will not be hired without one. The FAA does have an option to give waivers to those who may be on the border of passing one of these sections of the medical exam; however with the costs of training being very high it would be wise to make sure to meet all job qualifications prior to training (Con). Beginning Steps Now that the attitude required to be a professional aviator as well as the medical requirements have been discussed, the next step is to ask oneself some very important questions before beginning the actual training. The first question should be, â€Å"how much will this all cost?† There is no concrete number, but expect non-military training to cost somewhere around $60,000 for all the ratings. The next question to ask is, â€Å"how long will it take?† Again, there is no set time frame on this as some might learn faster or slower than others. From personal experience, expect two to four years to obtain all of the ratings unless doing military training, which is an accelerated program. Another question to ask would be, â€Å"what topics will you need to learn?† Most professional aviators did not just wake up one day and decide that they were going to try to be pilots. They have a passion for what they do and that is what makes them stand out in the fierce competition of the industry. This leads to the desire to learn many different aviation subjects such as Aircraft systems, Aerodynamics, Navigation, Weather, Aircraft operations, and Regulations. The last question one should ask is, â€Å"where should I go for flight training?† This question leads to the discussion of the three main types of flight training, which include Part 61 civilian, Part 141 flight schools, and military training. After considering whether one has what it takes to become an aviator, then the next step is to evaluate the fastest, cheapest, and most efficient way to obtain the required ratings while looking good on a resume. Part 61 Civilian Training While there is no college requirement to be an airline pilot, most employers will look for some college time and prefer a bachelor’s degree. Part 61 training is probably the simplest and easiest to complete, as there is no set time requirement for completion. The private pilot license, instrument rating, commercial license, and multi-engine license can all be obtained through part 61 training. This type of training is usually done outside of a school and all bookwork is done using a self-study style. A certified flight instructor will give all of the endorsements needed to complete the ratings up to the point when the student must fly with an FAA examiner. The timeframe is set on the student’s urgency and is usually a little less expensive than a Part 141 program. The most attractive attribute of a Part 61 flight school is the flexibility it gives its students. Even though this path has the least direction from the FAA, the pilots get a well-rounded training experience. Part 141 Civilian Training Part 141 flight schools have a more focused curriculum that requires not only flight checks but ground courses also. The FAA gives a lot of direction to the trainees. There are clear outlines for every part of the training to obtain each rating including the ground lessons, flight lessons, and stage checks. This is the best option for pilots who are serious about making a career out of flying and not interested in serving in the military. As with Part 61 training, there are several check rides required before completing flight training. The curriculum of the flight portion is set up to save flight hours creating a less expensive alternative. A Part 61 school requires a minimum of 40 hours, whereas a Part 141 schools only requires 35 hours. This may seem appealing, but many students at part 141 schools need over the 35 required hours. According to Patch on hubpages.com â€Å"The place where you may want to look at a part 141 school is when you go on to your advanced ratings. This is where your decreased requirements may actually have a true cost savings for you. For example, if youre getting your instrument rating at a part 61 flight school, youll need to have logged 50 hours cross country as pilot in command (PIC). Thats not a requirement for part 141 schools. Thats a considerable cost savings for most students.† Military Training Military aviator training is the toughest, least expensive to the pilot, and most desired because one can build turbine time. In the United States Air Force, officers go through a 4-phase program leading to receiving their wings. Phase-one is academic classes and pre-flight training. In this phase pilots learn and test in subjects such as Aerospace Physiology, Altitude Chamber, Ejection Seat / Egress Training, Parachute Landing Falls, Aircraft Systems, Basic Instruments, Mission Planning / Navigation, and Aviation Weather. In phase-two the officers begin primary aircraft training. This phase includes approximately 90 hours of flight training, lasting 22 weeks, with the Purpose of teaching students basic flying skills, Focus, Contact, Instruments, Formations, and Navigation. At the end of this 6-month phase, students pick which Advanced Track in which they wish to fly. Students pick based on their performance ranking in Phase-2. In Phase-3, advanced aircraft training begins. After Approximately 120 hours of flight instruction in 24 weeks of training, the hope is to put these pilots in fighter/bomber aircraft. Finally these select few are ready for phase-4, which is graduation. After roughly 52 weeks of training, officers receive their silver wings and are awarded the aeronautical rating of pilot (Spe). This method of training is desirable because one can get paid to become a pilot, can receive instruction from the worlds best, and can build turbine time before applying for an airline job (assuming the pilot are placed in a fixed-wing aircraft). The negatives of this path, on the other hand, is the competition and risk that one may end up not being a pilot, as well as a contract requiring a lengthy commitment to service. Overall this can be the way to go if one is confident in his own skills and abilities. Airline Training Once one has completed getting all of the ratings, certificates, and licenses and thinks all the training is over, well guess again. The airlines require even more training. Joel Freemen of Howstuffworks.com says: â€Å"Regardless of your background, the airline will train you based on its procedures and its FAA-approved training curriculum. Even though all airlines fly the same kinds of airplanes, each airline has slightly different methods and procedures. The goal of an airline is to train you to be qualified in your position and to be standard. Standardization is one of the pillars of a safe airline. The concept is that, within the airline, cockpit behavior and procedure will be the same in every flight, no matter which pilots are at the controls, to prevent confusion and misunderstanding.† The initial training includes regulations and company-specific procedures. The pilot will then spend two weeks learning specific systems and equipment that they will be operating. Next is the simulator training. The airline will simulate every emergency procedure and mishap imaginable to ensure the ability of the pilot before allowing them to fly their million dollar airplanes. Next the pilot will be fly to obtain initial operating experience. This experience includes at least 25 hours of flight time. After this, the pilot is released to operate scheduled flights as a crewmember. What to Expect From an article on nytimes.com here are three short testimonies of the life of a few regional pilots: â€Å"Alex Lapointe, a 25-year-old co-pilot for a regional airline, says he routinely lifts off knowing he has gotten less sleep than he needs. And once or twice a week, he says, he sees the captain next to him struggling to stay alert. Neil A. Weston, also 25, went $100,000 into debt to train for a co-pilot’s job that pays him $25,000 annually. He carries sandwiches in a cooler from his home in Dubuque, Iowa, bought his first uniform for $400, and holds out hope of tripling his salary by moving into the captain’s seat, then up to a major carrier. Assuming, that is, the majors start hiring again. Capt. Paul Nietz, 58, who recently retired from a regional airline, said his schedule wore him down and cost him three marriages. His workweek typically began with a 2:30 a.m. wake-up in northern Michigan and a 6 a.m. flight to his Chicago home bases. There, he would wait for his first assignment, a noon departure.† These scenarios go to show that it takes a lot of hard work, passion, and love for aviation to be an airline pilot. These guys start off making awful wages, are kept away from home, get little sleep, and eat unhealthy fast food most of the year until they obtain seniority. Conclusion Pilots are the poster child’s of the aviation business. They are the most seen by the public; therefore it is essential that they demonstrate professionalism when they put on the uniform. Professionalism is not something that a pilot obtains when he/she begins making money for an airliner but rather a personality that shows respect to his/her crew, passengers, and aircraft. Professionalism is what airlines are looking for when they are hiring, they are looking for a potential Captain. Being an airline pilot isn’t for everyone though. You can probably tell from the rest of this paper that it really requires a passion as well as a great deal of sacrifice to make it through the rigorous and lengthy training. The sacrifices don’t end there, as pilots are often in major debt for years before they make enough to pay off the loans they acquire, they sacrifice time spent with their families, and they are physically tested from day one. Although this all seems negative, it is a must. Hopefully the passengers see these as a positive. The more training a pilot has, the safer he/she will be in the cockpit. The excess in training provides more protection to the passenger and/or the cargo. Training also improves accident rates therefore keeping passengers flying and keeping aviation stimulating and allowing our economy to grow.

Freud :: Essays Papers

Freud The theories of Sigmund Freud were advanced and are very influential to modern society. This Austrian physician and neurologist is commonly considered as having one of the greatest creative minds of recent times. Throughout his entire childhood Freud had been planning a career in law. Not long before he entered the University of Vienna in 1873 Freud decided to become a medical student. In school he met a boy that was much older than him. Looking up to him and respecting his thoughts, Freud developed a wish to study law as this older student did, and interact in social activities. Also at this time Freud was interested in the theories of Charles Darwin. He heard Goethe's beautiful essay on nature read aloud and that made him decide to become a medical student.2 He was drawn to a study of science and he wanted to solve problems facing the scientists of his day.3 His intention was not to be a conventional doctor but pressed by his "greed for knowledge," he studied philosophical-scientific questions.4 One of the scientists he studied he studied with was a French psychiatrist named Jean Martin Charcot who was the director of a mental hospital. Freud was impressed a great deal while he was with Charcot. He took a lot of interest in his latest investigations upon hysteria. Charcot's demonstrations provoked in many people a sense of astonishment and skepticism.5 Charcot's influence channeled Freud's interest toward psychopathology. He was Freud's model and had an insatiable willingness to see and listen.